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WRC
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 LABORATORY OF APPLIED HYDROPHYSICS |
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S. I. Kutakov
I. A. Maslov, D.Sc.
A. A. Nurmatov
S. M. Pershin, D.Sc.
The laboratory is headed by A. F. Bunkin,
D.Sc.
Remote laser sounding of atmosphere and ocean.
Low frequency four-photon spectroscopy of liquid water and aqueous solutions.
Study of structural properties of liquid water using optical spectroscopy.
An experimental setup for four photon polarization spectroscopy in
the Rayleigh wing spectral band
A lidar system for investigation of laser radiation scattering in atmospheric
aerosol
An experimental setup for the study of laser fluorescence and spontaneous
Raman scattering in liquids and solids.
During the last five years we designed and tested several types of
lidars for remote sensing of atmosphere and ocean. One lidar was installed
aboard a Kamov-32 helicopter, another one, aboard a research vessel, and
two lidars, in laboratory buildings in Moscow and Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).
As a result of the research we proposed and verified a remote (airborne)
technique of measurement of sea water temperature, which was tested in
field experiments. A new detection method for oil contamination in the
ocean shelf zone around oil rigs was developed in cooperation with Pontifical
Catholic University (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) and PetroBras oil company.
We proposed also a new approach to detection of air pollution in industrial
zones of big cities.
Spectra in the range 0-100 cm-1 (with spectral resolution 0.2 cm-1)
were detected and interpreted for the first time in the framework of
low frequency four-photon spectroscopy. It has been demonstrated that
in this spectral range coherent four-photon spectroscopy detects collective
vibrations and oriented motion of water molecules and molecular clusters.
We have demonstrated that in 50%-mixture of heavy and light water the
HDO molecular concentration is smaller than 10%. We have detected several
narrow rotational resonances in the intermolecular vibration spectra
of liquid water and ice. The resonances, which have been detected in
liquid water in the band 0-10 cm-1, provide an opportunity to test models
of the hydrogen bond in liquids and crystals.
Within the framework of the study of liquid water structure we detected
several phase transitions of the second kind near such temperature points
as 4, 36, 75oC. These phase transitions can be detected both by the
Raman and IR spectroscopy of stretching vibration band of liquid water.
We found out experimentally that the local structure of liquid water
can be changed with the help of both microwave radiation and powerful
ultrasonic impact.
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